s steinschneider



I L; STHNSQHNHDEBH 'PREHEATER ma USE m m; msnmmm 0F PETROLEUM, TAB, ANDmum.

' APPUCATIQN LED 35;? H'l H3. 1,30%,988. Patented May 6, 1919.

I L. snmscnwtmm v PREHEATER FOB USE'IN THE MSTILLATIOM 0F PEIRULEUM,TAB, AND THE LIKE- I I AP'PLICATIOH FILED SEPT. I3. 3913. I L302,98 8mama May 6, 1919.

ill

' tion.

Specification 01 Letters IlPatcnt.

Application riled September-1%, isle. 1%. 290,56 33.

To all whom it 22mg concern:

Be it known that l, Lao tlirniusonnninnn, a subject of the Emperor ofAustria, residan; at llriinn, in lvioravia, Austrian Empire, haveinvented certain new and useful inn proveinents in Preheaters for Use inthe Distillation of Petroleum, Tar, and the like, of which the-followingis a specification. l

in the petrol and tar industry pro-heaters tor the crude oil or chargeare used for the ,better utilization of the heat used in distilling:According-to the present invention, the pre heater is .so constructedthat the vapors orgases may take a vertical course, as it is :t-ound'that a better dephlegmation occurs in this manner, thegases undergoing agravitational stratification, as Well as a separation by condensation.

The structure is also preferably so arranged that a natural circulationof the crude oil-may take place in the pre-heater. lvleansare alsopreferably provided for con.- trolling the circulation of the crude oil,and hencethe condensation of the vapors or gases. passing through thepro-heater. The vertical arrangement of the pre-heater andthe naturalcirculation of the crude oil there in. also contribute to agravitational separa tion of the crude oil and the Water containedtherein.

'llhe' heat oi either the vapors, or the distillate,cr both, may beutilized in the preheater. Y I

@everal embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing.

Figure 1 illustrates in vertical section a; preheater according to thepresent inven- 22 is a transverse section struction shown in 1.

l igs. 3' and i are views similar to and 2 of a further embodiment ofthe invention. v

F 5, views oi further embodiments.

1 designates a vertical cylindrical tank or" oil the convessel providedwith a cover and servinai'ior receiving the fluid" material, (crude-oilto.

be heated. 2 designates the normal fluid level olthe crude'oil or thelike'in the pre" heater. 8 designates ideiphlegmatoravhich is arrangedin the cylindrical tank 1. 'lhe dephleglnatop may comprise a drum havingthe headers or ends a, i and tubes 5 secured in theheaders' i, shown inFigs..- l l, or

o1 tubes connected to inanitolds Figs. 1

only a part of same.

and :22, as shown in. Figs. o l inclusive. The

vapors or gases coming from the stilhhead (3 pass through tube 7 intothe dcphlegmator 3, in or around thetuhes, and, rising, pass out of thedrum through a pipe 8 to a condensing coil, and from there, after itscondensa-' tion, to. the receiving house. By the rising of thedistillate vapors or gases, in the dephlcgmator 3 a stratificationresults, according to the specific gravity of the vapors, and thisstratification is assisted by the effect of the variously heated strataof. crude oil, tar or the like, on the vapors passing vertically in thedcphlegmator. to he pro-heated, Figs. 14l, has passage through the tubes5 and surrounds thesides oi the, dephlegihator 3, as Well as the headersthereof. The condensate in the dephleg mater 3 flows opposite to thedistillate gases and collects on the lower header i, from which positionit is carried off by pipes 9 and may thence advantageously pass througha coil 10, in order to cool down the condei'isate and pro-heat therebythe contents of the pro-heater. lhe condensate may then pass to thereceiving house through a pipe 11.

in order to obtain a good circulation of the iiuid contents of thepie-heater, an open jacket 12 is arranged around the dephleginationapparatus. The jacket has one end at a height above the floor 13 of thepreheater and has its other end a distance beneath the fluid level 2.The fluid which is warmed by the dephlcgmator 3 rises upward and con tiiually draws after itthe cooler fluid situated in the lower part oi thepro-heater;

The heated fluid in the vessel 1 may be conducted to the still through apipe 25, the liuid preferably being taken from the upper part of thejacket 12. r

in the jacket 12, a valve 1% issituated,

' r which can 'be so placed that it either leaves 5 6 and 7 are verticalsectional tree the hole sectionoi the jacket 12 or I 15 shows in dottedlines the position of'the valve when partially open. By means of thevalve l i the operator can control the progress otthe dephlegination. Vihen the valve 14: is in closed position, dowel fluid through the jacket12 and pro-heater is prevented. in

this case thedluid located in the jacket 12 receives a highertemperature than that contained oetween the jaclret 12 and the outerWalls-cit the pro-heater i. The difference ct temperature between thedlstillategases in.

The fluid (crude oil) as in the previous embodiment.

the dephlcgmator 3 and the fluid (crude oil) to which the heat is to begiven, is diminished, and accordingly the condensation capacity of thedephlegmatiou apparatus is lessened. \Vhen accordingly the fluiddcphlegmate coming from pipe 9 contains too much of the light fluidconstituents of the oil, the operator only needs to move the valve it toa partially open position, or eventually, to a closed position, so as toreduce or stop the circulation of the crude oil in the preheater.

If this pro-heater is also to be used as a residue pre-heater, it isonly necessary to arrange a coil 16 through which the residue entersfrom the still-head 6 by means of pipe 17 and leaves the pre-heater bypipe 18.

Figs. 3 and s show a pre-heaterof similar construction to that shown inFigsl and 2, with the difference that in the casing of the dephleginator3, an intern'iediatewall 19 is arranged, so that the distillate gasescoming from the pipe 7, rise on one side of this dividing all, and fallon the other side. The gases circulate around the tubes 5, and continuetheir course through pipe 8 exactly In the present instance two fluiddephlegmates are formed, which ar separated by the dividing wall 19 andthese pass through pipes 9 and 11 or 9 and 11 respectively to thereceiving houseL Fig. 5 shovs a further constructional form of thepre-heater. The vapors or gases from the still-head, in this case,however, pass into the manifold :20 of the dephlegmator rising upward,inside the tubes 21 to manifold 22 and from there through tube 8 to thecooler into the receivin house. The dephlegmate from the manifodd 20 isagain received by pipes 9.

By arranging a dividing wall 23 in the manifold 20 (Fig. 5) two fluiddephlegmates can be formed, which can then be received by the pipes 9and 9, the uncondensed distillate gases being led off through a. pipe 8;

Fig. 6 shows a further constructional form of pre-heater, in which boththe manifold 20 and the manifold 22 are provided with a dividing wall23. The distillate gases rising upward from the compartment :20 of themanifold 20, pass through the first set of vertical tubes 21, into thecompartment 22 of manifold 22, thence into compartment 20 of manifold 20through a pipe 2ft- From compartment 20 of manifold 20 the gases riseand leave the pre-heater through the pipe 8. In this case the fractionsare discharged through pipes 9 and 9.

It is clear that any number at such dephlegmation elements, as describedin Figs. 1 to 6, can be arranged in a pre-heater, in which case each ofthe dephlegmation ele ments can either receive a separate jacket 12 foritself or all these elements may be provided with a common jacket. Sucha form of construction is shown in Fig. 7 for a preheater of thehorizontal construction wherein the gases not condensed in the firstelement pass to the second element and from there are directed to thethird element and the fractionated fluids in the single elements aredischarged through the pipes 26.

Also in vertical arrangements of pre heat-- ers the individualfractional elements can be arranged above each other so that forinstance the first dephlegmate is formed in the upper elements, thesecond in the lower clements, etc, or the reverse.

'1 claim:

1. A prehcatei for use in the distillation of petroleum and the likeproducts producing when heated, comprising aclosed vessel containing theproduct to be distilled, a dephlegmator, the dephlegmator having aninlet and outlet for the distillate gases, vertical passages in Contactwith the contents of the vessel to conduct the distillate gases from theinlet to the outlet in a vertical direction, and an outlet or outletsfor leading off-the products condensed within the said dephlegmator,said dephlcgmator and parts conducting the hot distillate gases beingarranged inside the closed vessel, below the liquid level thereof,whereby said dephlegmater and parts conducting the hot gases do not comein contact with the gases which may collect in the space in the top ofthe closed vessel.

2. A pre-heater for use in the distillation of petroleum and the likeproducts producing gases when heated, comprising a closed vesselcontaining the product to be distilled, a dephlegmator, the saiddephlegmator comprising a system of vertical tubes in contact with tliecontents of the vessel, said dephlcgmator also having an inlet, anoutlet for the distillate gases and an outlet for the condensedproducts, said dephlegmator and parts conducting the hot distillategases being arranged inside the closed vessel, below the liquid levelthereof, whereby said dephlegmator and parts conducting the hot gases donot come in contact with the gases which may collect in the space in thetop of the closed vessel.

3. A pre-heater for use in the distillation of petroleum and the likeproducts producing gases when heated, comprising a closed vesselcontaining the product to be distilled, a dephlegmator, the saiddephlegmator comprising a system of vertical tubes in contact with thecontents of the vessel, and manifolds at the ends of the said-tubes,said dephlegmator also having an inlet, an outlet for the distillategases and an outlet for the condensed products, said dephlegmator andpartseonducting the hot distillate gases being arranged inside theclosed vessel, below the'liquid level thereof, whereby said dephlegmatorand parts conducting the hot gases do not come in contactwith the gaseswhich may collect inth space in the top of the closed vessel. i

4:. In a pro-heater for use in the distillation of petroleum and thelike, the combination of a closed Vessel adapted to contain the product;to be distilled, a dephlegmator, said dephlegmator comprising aplurality of" sets of vertical tubes, the gases passing always upwardalong one, surface of said tubes, a main pipe for conducting uncondensedgases from the top of one set of vertical tubes to 5. In'a pre-heaterfor use'in the distillation of petroleum and the like, the combinationof a closed vessel adapted to contain the product tobe distilled, adephleginator, said dephlegmator comprising vertical tubes, a

" manifold at the base of said tubes, said 1nani-v fold being incommunication with the gas inlet and being divided, and an voutlet forthe liquid condensed in each division of the manifold, said dephlegmatorand parts conducting the hot distillate gases being 'ar-v ranged insidethe closed vessel, b elow the liquid level thereof, whereby saiddephlegmator and parts conducting the hot gases do not come in contactwith the gases which may collect in the space in the top of the closedvessel.

6.111 a pro-heater for use in the distillation of petroleum and thelike, the combination of a closed vessel containing the product to bedistilled, a dephleglnator comprising a system of vertical tubesarranged within said vessel and manifolds at each end of saidtubes,partitions in said :nanifolds,.a main communication tube connecting thespace on one side of said partitions 111 one of the up per manifoldswith a space in a lower manifold on the opposite side of the partition,

whereby the j distillate gases are caused to pass always upward in thevertical tubes.

7 ,A pre-heater comprising a vessel containing the product to bedistilled, a plusaid tubes,- a ja cket around said plurality of tubesand having an outletfor the contents of the vessel, and means forcontrolling the, circulation through said jaeket.

8. A pre-heater comprising a.vessel containing the product to bedistilled, a vessel inside of said first vessel adapted to receivedistillate gases, and a jacket between said first and second vessels,said jackethaving openings at its top and bottom and having the openingat its top below the liquid level in the first vessel.

9. A pre-hcater comprising a vessel containing the product to bedistilled, a vessel inside ofsaid firstvessel adapted to receivedistillate gases, and a jacket between said first and second vessels,said jacket having openings at at its top and bottom and having theopening-at its top below the liquid level in the first vessel, and meansfor con trolling the circulation through said jacket.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

LEO STEINSCHNEIDER. Witnesses:

HUGO .REIK, AUeUs'r FUGGER.

